Causes
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common, fatal, genetic disease affecting children and young adults in Canada. A child born with CF will have inherited one copy of the CF gene from each parent. CF is caused by mutations in the gene that produces the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR).
Approximately, one in 25 Canadians carry an abnormal version of the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis. Carriers do not have cystic fibrosis or exhibit any of the symptoms of the disease.
When two parents who are carriers have a child, there is a 25 per cent chance that the child will be born with cystic fibrosis; there is also a 50 per cent chance that the child will be a carrier and a 25 per cent chance that the child will neither be a carrier nor have cystic fibrosis.
It is vital to remember that a person with CF and their parents do not cause cystic fibrosis. A child’s environment or external factors cannot cause the disease as it is genetic and present from birth.
Symptoms
Cystic fibrosis has a multifaceted impact on the body, primarily targeting the digestive system and lungs. While the severity of CF varies from person to person, there are various effects on the body, the most devastating are in the lungs, where a build-up of thick mucus causes severe respiratory problems, including persistent lung infections and gradual lung deterioration. Mucus also builds up in the digestive tract. This, in combination with damage to the pancreas, makes it difficult to digest and absorb nutrients from food.
Typical complications may include but aren’t limited to:
- Wheezing, shortness of breath and chest pain
- Progressive lung damage from chronic lung infections and abnormal inflammation
- Intestinal obstruction, especially in newborns
- Frequent sinus infections
- Frequent abdominal pain
- Difficulty digesting fats and proteins
- Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies because of the inability to absorb nutrients
- Poorer growth and body weight than peers, despite having a good appetite
- CF-related diabetes
- Infertility in males and sub-fertility in females
- Anxiety and depression
